Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Abigail Mary Moore

Institutions
a) Doctoral Program in Fisheries Science, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
* abigail[at]pasca.unhas.ac.id
b) Marine Science Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
c) Aquaculture Study Program, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Tadulako University, Palu 94118, Indonesia

Abstract
The iconic symbiosis with clownfish is not the only sea anemone-fish association. Several tropical sea anemones provide microhabitat for the Endangered (IUCN Red List) Banggai cardinalfish Pterapogon kauderni. Microhabitat loss from declining sea anemone populations is a serious threat to native P. kauderni populations or evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). One measure advocated to maintain and rehabilitate these P. kauderni ESUs is to restore microhabitat abundance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of asexual propagation of wild anemone broodstock with subsequent release. Two species with which P. kauderni commonly associates (Heteractis crispa and Entacmaea quadricolor) were identified through field surveys. Parent anemones were bisected, cutting through the centre of the oral disc. Propagules (half anemones) were placed in empty clam shells as hard substrate. Treatments provided different levels of protection from potential predators, in aquaria (P. kauderni present/absent), concrete tanks (P. kauderni and Diadema urchins excluded/not excluded) or in a net cage on natural substrate (fish and invertebrate fauna including P. kauderni and Diadema setosum). The cut edges of sectioned anemones joined together within seconds, with wounds typically healing in around 7 days and joins hard to see after 3-4 weeks. Growth was faster and long-term survival higher in the net cage compared to tanks for uncovered and covered anemones. The results indicate potential for this propagation method in the context of P. kauderni conservation, and suggest sectioned anemones should be moved to the natural rehabilitation areas once capable of adhering firmly to hard substrate

Keywords
Pterapogon kauderni, Heteractis crispa, Entacmaea quadricolor, asexual propagation, symbiosis

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/e7dJ4MT6qDfc

Corresponding Author
Laode Asrul

Institutions
(a) Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Unhas
(b) Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract
Cocoa plantations have ecological functions as carbon sinks and depositors. Cocoa absorbs CO2 during photosynthesis, then converts it to carbohydrates by storing it in the form of biomass in roots, trees and leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the carbon uptake of cocoa trees and tree growers, undergrowth, necromasses, carbon uptake at the root and carbon uptake in soils in several cocoa planting systems implemented in Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi. Sampling is done by purposive sampling method with the basic consideration of the type, density and cropping system applied. Biomass estimation is used non destructive method by measuring diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) and height of cacao and shade plants. Carbon storage in cocoa plants is distinguished by several cropping systems, namely K1 (monoculture harvesters) and K2 (multistrata harvesters). The results showed that carbon reserves in Bantaeng Regency were 32.38 tons/Ha.

Keywords
CO2 gas, carbon absorption, carbon emissions, cocoa, global warming

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YBCHUmRpMG63

Corresponding Author
nahdia nahdia

Institutions
a)Environmental Science of Graduate School of Hasanuddin University, Indonesia. Contact email: nahdia[at]pasca.unhas.ac.id. b) Laboratory of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Japan. Contact email: toma[at]agr.ehime-u.ac.jp.
c) Laboratory of Silviculture and Plant Physiology Forestry Faculty of Hasanuddin University, Indonesia. Contact email: samuelap[at]unhas.ac.id.

Abstract
Plants litter as soil organic matter turn over to soil in decomposition process. Decomposition is regulated by numerous factors, most important is environmental factor in soil include water content to define moisture and pH. In this study, we set up an experiment cacao leaf litter decomposition in soil with cacao leaf litter and soil (no cacao leaf litter) as a control. Decomposition cacao leaf litter study applied in 50mL polypropylene bottle with 100 g air-dried soil. For the litter-amended treatments, 2 g (oven dry weight) with 2 mm sized cacao leaf litter applied on the soil surface. The soil was amended with two factors, soil moisture and soil pH: Soil water content 30% pH 4.9 (SLWC30i), water content 30% pH 6.2 (SLWC306), water content 60% pH 4.9 (SLWC60i), water content 60% pH 6.2 (SLWC606), water content 90% pH 4.9(SLWC90i), water content 90% pH 6.2 (SLWC906). All treatment incubated in the dark at 25◦C for 28 days. Extractable NO3- and NH4+concentrations, and soil greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) were measured by Gas Chromatograph (GC-14A and GC-8A) equipped with TCD for CO2, FID for CH4, and ECD for N2O. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Significant level different analyzed using statistic R software version Ri386.3.6.0. Extractable NH4+, and NO3-concentrations performed various result between treatment. Highest NH4+ concentration was showed highest in SWC906 (30.7 mg N kg-1), and highest NO3- concentration was shown in SLWC606 (87.1 mg N kg-1). CO2 flux was significantly highest in SLWC90i (930 mg C g-1 hr-1) and cumulative CO2 emission was 107.36 kg C ha-1 period-1in SLWC90i.

Keywords
Decomposition, Cacao leaf litter, Extractable NH4+, and NO3- concentrations, CO2, CH4, N2O emissions.

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qRNKtD3zMTFA

Corresponding Author
Ainun Ayu Lestari

Institutions
Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract
Climate is defined as the average size and variability of the relevant quantities of certain variables over a period of time with a period of time from monthly to annual or millions of years. This study aims to develop climate prediction models that are used for planning agricultural cultivation activities. The method used in predicting climate is Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network technique based on rainfall data in 1975-2018 in Pallangga sub-district, 1992-2018 in Bontomarannu sub-district and 1997-2018 in Bontonompo sub-district. The results showed that the climate classification according to Oldeman in Bontomarannu sub-district was in the B3 climate type suitable for planting rice crops twice and crops once a year while Pallangga sub-districts and Bontonompo sub-districts were in C3 climate type suitable for planting one-time rice crops and crops twice in one year.

Keywords
Climate, Artificial Neural Network, Backpropagation, Cropping Pattern

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ftG4w6Tvbq3p

Corresponding Author
Nurul Pratiwi

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
NURUL PRATIWI. Determination of Salinity and Temperature at the base of the Tallo River Estuary (guided by Mukhsan Putra Hatta and Akhmad Sumakin). In the waters of the Tallo River there is an interaction between fresh water and sea water. This interaction is one of the influences on the spread of salinity. Also there are driving factors such as tides that greatly affect the value of salinity. The purpose of this study is to describe the distribution of salinity at the bottom and how the relationship between temperature affects salinity, especially during high tide conditions. Data was collected at the base of the Tallo River Estuary with a distance between 400m. By using ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) and CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) tools. The pattern of salinity distribution is illustrated by the ArcGis 10.3 The results showed an increase in salinity found in the Muara Tallo area during high tide and low tide conditions up to a distance of 3.6 km, as well as the close relationship between temperature and salinity which showed directly proportional and related results. And based on water clarification, the area of the Tallo river estuary can be categorized as mostly brackish water.

Keywords
Tallo River, Salinity, Spread Pattern

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mByudD7XkEMt

Corresponding Author
aras syazili

Institutions
a.Doctoral Program of Agricultural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia;
b. Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty of Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia;
c, Marine Science and Fisheries Faculty of Hasanudin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of ocean acidification and temperature on growth, survival, and shell performance of fluted giant clam (Tridacna squamosa). Juvenile fluted giant clam put into an aquarium which is given a combination of CO2 pressure treatment (415, 1000 and 1800 ppm) and temperature (30, 32, and 34oC). Measuring the length, width and height of the shell perform in every two weeks for five times. CaCO3 content and shell strength was test at the end of the study. The best growth of shell length, shell width, and shell height in the treatment of CO2 concentrations of 415 ppm and temperatures of 30oC were 23.28 mm, 11.51 mm and 0.69 mm respectively. Survival live also obtained in the treatment of CO2 concentrations of 415 ppm and temperatures of 30oC and CO2 concentrations of 415 ppm and temperatures of 32oC each of 100%. The strength of the shell and CaCO3 content decreased in the treatment of CO2 concentration and high temperatures. Higher concentration of CO2 and increased temperature negatively affected the growth of length, width, survival of scales, reduced strength and the CaCO3 content of shell.

Keywords
Clams, acidification, temperature, growth, survival, shell

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KZyQnub79epB

Corresponding Author
M Yahya Siradjuddin

Institutions
(1) Architecture Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University
*yahyasiradj70[at]gmail.com
(2) Urban Planning and Design Laboratory, Urban & Regional Development Department
Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University
(3) Hydraulic Laboratory, Civil Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University
(4) Global Cooperation Institute for Sustainable Cities, Yokohama City University
(5) Faculty of Environmental Studies, Tokyo City University

Abstract
Makassar, the capital city of the South Sulawesi Province. The uncontrolled of urban built up area growth, as well as the lack implementation of Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) led to an increase of runoff coefficient, so the abundant volume of rainfall in the rainy season directly flows to the river and thrown into the sea. This is supported by the growth of population which triggered the urban built up area expansion as the effect of high migration to Makassar city. Due to this phenomena , the green open space is reduced and as coastal city which intrusion of seawater into land make city lack of ground plain water. Although rainfall range in Makassar City area is high, but the huge volume of rainfall not be utilized maximally yet. Some of Makassar area suffers from flood during rainy season but citizen lacks of plain water during dry season. Implementation of the concept of RWH in Makassar city, will be alternative solution to reduce flood areas and can be utilized by the community for landscaping / agriculture, cleaning activities and water amenities (fire).

Keywords
Rainwater Harvesting, Implementation, flood

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NRxEamrgCWZz

Corresponding Author
PETRUS SOCRATES TUTUROP

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
Estuary is a coastal waters where the river mouth meets the sea and where fresh water mixes with salt water from the sea. Estuary forms a transition zone between the river environment and the marine environment. The mix of seawater with fresh water makes the estuary region unique, with the formation of brackish water with fluctuating salinity. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of salinity and temperature as well as the relationship of the effect of temperature on salinity in the Muara River area during the highs and lows conditions. Data retrieval is done in the Jeneberang River Estuary area with a distance between 200m points using the ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) and CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth). The pattern of spreading salinity and temperature is described using the ArcGis 10.3 program. The results showed an increase in salinity found in the Jeneberang estuary area during tidal conditions and receding conditions, as well as the closeness of the relationship between temperature and salinity which showed a directly proportional result. Based on water clarification, the Mueberang River estuary area can be categorized as brackish water.

Keywords
Jeneberang River, Salinity, Temperature.

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fbgGJKrcQyCj

Corresponding Author
Meutia Farida

Institutions
a) Geological Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty Hasanuddin University, Gowa 92171, Indonesia
b) Indonesia Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics, Jakarta Pusat 10720, Indonesia
*) meutia.nugraha[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Abstract. The Walanae Formation is the youngest sedimentary rock that formed a mountainous area along the Walanae river valley. It is very interesting and challenging to prove that Walanae depression developed from the Late Miocene to the Late Pliocene. This area gradually became a marine environment and how the climatic conditions at that time were particularly on the Salo Mario section. Soppeng Regency. Measuring section on Salo Mario obtained 32 layers, consists of interbedded claystone, sandstone and conglomerate on the upper part of the outcrop. Samples from the layers are then made into smear slides and dried using a UV lamp and the preparations were analyzed under a microscope at a magnification of 1000x. The result of laboratory observations, nannofossil is only found in 11 layers consisting of coccolith and Discoaster. The nannofossils were determined namely Discoaster asymmetricus Gartner, Discoaster berggrenii Bukry, Discoaster bollii Martini and Bramlette, Discoaster brouweri Tan Sin Hok, Discoaster calcaris Gartner, Discoaster deflandrei Bramlette and Riedel, Discoaster neohamatus Bukry and Bramlette, Discoaster pentaradiatus Tan Sin Hok, Discoaster pseudovariabilis Martini and Worsley, Discoaster surculus Martini and Bramlette, Discoaster tamalis Kamptner, Discoaster triradiatus Tan Sin Hok, and Discoaster variabilis Martini and Bramlette. The occurence of Discoster indicates the warming of the lower photic zone caused by the weakening of upwelling.

Keywords
Discoaster, Lower photic zone, Measuring section, Nannofossil, Walanae depression.

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/th7ZBwpRFYrE

Corresponding Author
SATRIANI S.T

Institutions
Universitas Hasanuddin
Jl. Malino, Borongloe, Bontomarannu, Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan 92119, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract— The Tallo River is a drainage channel estuary in this area, in addition to being a resource provider, the Tallo River also has the potential to pose a threat of flooding because it is strongly influenced by tides. Regulatory Ponds are flood control structures built upstream from areas that will be protected from flood hazards. In this thesis the researcher analyzes the capacity of the Nipa-Nipa regulatory pool with the Ripple method. Flood tracing results obtained a maximum of 3,395,116.79 m3, while topographic conditions obtained a maximum of 3,583,270.96 m3 then optimization analysis based on the Ripple Method obtained with a volume that was accommodated during 1980-1984 was 2,508,330,462 m3, during 1985- 1989 was 2,158,594,429 m3, during 1990-1994 it was 1,721,928,984 m3, during 1995-1999 it was 2,072,035,680 m3, the volume that was accommodated during 2000-2004 was 2,526,941,033 m3, the volume that was accommodated during 2005-2009 was 1,996. 205,351 m3 and the volume that was accommodated during 2010-2014 was 1,913,798,405 m3. This shows that the capacity of the Regulated Pond storage can serve to reduce flooding in the Tallo River

Keywords
Flood, Storage Capacity, Ripple Method

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Tu72ZgKcdzUv

Corresponding Author
Bryan Nobel Rori

Institutions
HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY

Abstract
In the waters of the Tallo River there is an interaction between fresh water and sea water due to the tidal events that greatly affect the value of salinity. This interaction is one of the influences on the occurrence of the spread of salinity. The purpose of this study was to describe the distribution of salinity and flow velocity that affected salinity in the Tallo Estuary area, especially in the riverbed area during high tide and low tide conditions. Data collection was carried out in the Tallo River Estuary area with a distance between 400 m. By using ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) and CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth). The pattern of spreading salinity is illustrated by the ArcGis 10.3 program. The results showed an increase in salinity found in the Muara Tallo area when tide conditions and conditions receded into the river with a distance of 3.6 km, as well as flow velocities that affect salinity where at an increase in flow velocity will result in increased salinity while at low tide the flow rate will result in decreased salinity. Based on water classification, the Tallo Estuary area can be categorized as mostly brackish water.

Keywords
Tallo River, Salinity, Stream Velocity

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WM2yQKDXdk9B

Corresponding Author
Rakhmad Armus

Institutions
University of Hasanuddin

Abstract
We determined the ratio of the concentration of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and metabolic precursors, dimethylsulfoniumpropionate (DMSP), in water and particulate samples obtained along the transect through the runoff of the Pangkep and Tallo rivers in the rainy season and the dry season to the open sea. In most cases, we observed a positive correlation between the concentration of biogenic sulfur species and salinity, especially when the concentration of sulfur compounds was measured for chlorophyll as a measure of phytoplankton biomass. Normal concentrations of DMS, dissolved DMSP, and particulate (intracellular) DMSP increase non-linearly with salinity from estuaries. DMS however, is generally highest near the surface and decreases by moving away from the euphotic zone. At the mouth of the Tallo River, runoff dominated by surface water affects the dominance (D) of phytoplankton from the Makassar city river flow, and the reduction of nutrients from the sea cannot be predicted. Pangkep river estuary abundance of phytoplankton is more dominant than the genus Chaetoceros sp. The value of phytoplankton dominance is associated with the decline of organic nutrients from river mouths, this shows that the absorption of phytoplankton is the main surface up weeling process that is responsible for reducing nutrients. The average value of diversity index is 1.11; 0.082 and 0.521 while the value index of diversity, water surface and dominance in the subsurface ocean that is 1.14; 0.088 and 0.55. The result of the distribution of spatial abundance of phytoplankton in the west season and seasons east shows the level of k water surface phytoplankton in the area is different .

Keywords
Pangkep river, Tallo river, Salinity, Sulfur Compound , Spermonde, Dimethylsulfide

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LakwXmz6tEAC

Corresponding Author
Mohammad Rivaldy

Institutions
1Geosciences Department Universitas Padjadjaran
2Geology Departement, Bandung Technology Institute
e-mail: vijaya.isnania[at]unpad.ac.id

Abstract
Planktic marine microfossil and sedimentary analysis were performed on Miocene (14 million years ago) to recent sections in south part of West Java Basin to determine paleoclimate changes. The composite sections reveal that since Miocene, a bathyal to inner neritic setting (20 - 500 m sea level depth) was being filled by the fine silisiclastic, dominantly sediment in fluctuative of warm to medium temprature sea surface water. In older part, fine sediments contain Globorotalia tumida, Sphaeroidinella dehiscens, Globigerinoides trilobus sacculiferus and Orbulina universa- planktic foraminifera marine fauna as well as Discoaster quinqueramus, D. asymetricus, D. surculus, D. pentaradiatus, Gephyrocapsa omega and G.oceanica- planktic nannofossil marine flora remains indicated deposition in warm climate at Early Miocene (14-9 Ma). Meanwhile, Globorotalia truncatulinoides-foraminifera, Discoaster variabilis and Calcidiscus leptoporus-nannofossils as taxa characteristic of slight warm condition are locally abundant. In contrast, the younger part of deposited section at Late Miocene (5 Ma) is dominated by marker species of medium temprature climate, particularly Discoaster challengeri, Gephyrocapsa mediterrania, G. carribeanica and Coccolithus pelagicus￾nannofossils. The relative abundance of warm temprature marker species decrease as a consequence of temperature drop. This level is considered correlate with global glaciation period.

Keywords
Keywords : Miocene, paleoclimate, temprature, microfossil, sedimentary analysis

Topic
Climate Change

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gfcNE3HkPtyQ